Pesquisa | SciELO

ABSTRACT Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) is the second most produced and commercialized ornamental plant in the world. Measuring leaf area through non-destructive methods is fundamental for studies on its growth and production. The estimation of leaf area by linear dimensions of the leaves can be a strategy for this purpose. The objective of this study was to find allometric equations to estimate the leaf area of chrysanthemum. The linear, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power, and exponential regression models were used for the analysis. The choice of equations was based on the highest coefficients of determination. The non-destructive method using allometric models has accuracy for estimating the leaf area (LA) of chrysanthemum from the product between leaf length (L) and leaf width (W). The LA of chrysanthemum can be estimated using the equation ŷ = 0.6611*LW0.9490 (L - leaf length; W - leaf width). This equation will allow researchers and producers to determine leaf area non-destructively.

RESUMO O crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora) é a segunda planta ornamental mais produzida e comercializada no mundo. A medição da área foliar por métodos não destrutivos é fundamental para estudos sobre seu crescimento e produção. A estimativa da área foliar por dimensões lineares das folhas pode ser uma estratégia para este fim. O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar equações alométricas para estimar a área foliar do crisântemo. Os modelos de regressão linear, linear sem intercepto, quadrático, cúbico, potência e exponencial foram utilizados para a análise. A escolha das equações foi baseada nos maiores coeficientes de determinação. O método não destrutivo por meio de modelos alométricos tem acurácia para estimar a área foliar (AF) do crisântemo a partir do produto entre o comprimento da folha (C) e a largura da folha (L). A AF do crisântemo pode ser estimada pela equação ŷ = 0,6611*CL0,9490 (C - comprimento da folha; L - largura da folha). Essa equação permitirá que pesquisadores e produtores determinem a área foliar de forma não destrutiva.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n12p934-940

COVID-19 Infection Changes the Functions and Morphology of Erythrocytes: A Multidisciplinary Study
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Sales, Marcos V. S.

; Tanabe, Eloiza L. L.

; Maciel, Thamilla M. S.

; Tavares, Maria C.

; Leal, Juliana G. C.

; Pinto, Larissa S.

; Pires, Keyla S. N.

; Coelho, Jorge A. P. M.

; Silva, Elaine C. O.

; Souza, Samuel T.

; Fonseca, Eduardo J. S.

; Fragoso, Thiago S.

; Aquino, Thiago M.

; Borbely, Alexandre U.

; Rocha, Ueslen

; Santos, Josué C. C.

; Leite, Ana Catarina R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Ago 2023, Volume 34 Nº 8 Páginas 1185 - 1196

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230031

Sheep spermatogenesis is affected by the nutritional levels of cocoa meal, a byproduct of cocoa butter manufacturing rich in theobromine and caffeine
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Macedo, Diego Silva

; Rocha, Laiara Fernandes

; Pinheiro, Emmanuel Emydio Gomes

; Santana, Ana Lúcia Almeida

; Souza, Rosileia Silva

; Bagaldo, Adriana Regina

; Bezerra, Poliana Plácido Almeida

; Barbosa, Larissa Pires

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2023, Volume 52 elocation e20220011

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cocoa meal in feed concentrate on the spermatogenesis in sheep. Twenty-five uncastrated males were divided into four groups and fed concentrated feed, supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 30% cocoa meal, respectively, for 150 days. At the end of this period, the animals were slaughtered, the testicles were collected for histological slides, and testicular morphometric assessments were conducted, including cell type quantification in the seminiferous epithelium, intrinsic spermatogenesis yield, Sertoli-cell index, total number of Sertoli cells (TNSC), TNSC per testicular gram, daily sperm production (DSP), DSP per testicular gram, testicular sperm reserve (TSR), and TSR per testicular gram. Data were subjected to normality analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by the tests for each condition, at a significance level of 5%. The administration of cocoa meal did not alter the germinal epithelial cell population, except for the number of type-A spermatogonia, which was lower in the control group than in the group that received 20% supplementation. A difference was found in the ratio between the number of type-A spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in pre-leptotene/leptotene, and in the ratio between Sertoli cells and primary spermatocytes in pre-leptotene/leptotene, the control group and the group that received 10% cocoa meal significantly varied from each other, but not in relation to the other evaluated percentages. The TNSC, TNSC/g, DSP, and TSR levels were diminished in the group that consumed 30% cocoa meal. The TNSC, DSP, and TSR exhibited a negative quadratic tendency. Supplementation with 10% cocoa meal improved the TNSC, DSP, and TSR of sheep.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5220220011

Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antileishmanial Activity of Novel Eugenol Analogs Containing 1,2,3-Triazole Fragments against Intracellular Leishmania braziliensis
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Evangelista, Roberta S.

; Pereira, Larissa C.

; Souza, Luciana Â. de

; Costa, Adilson V.

; Silva, Danilo A. da

; Oliveira, Fabrício M. de

; Vaz, Boniek G.

; Bressan, Gustavo C.

; Fietto, Juliana L. R.

; Teixeira, Róbson R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 12 Páginas 1810 - 1824

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230073

Formulation of diets for slow-growing broilers slaughtered at different ages on carcass characteristics and composition of commercial cuts
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SILVA, LARISSA A.R.

; NASCIMENTO, KARINA MÁRCIA R. DE SOUZA

; GOMES, MARINA DE N.B.

; KIEFER, CHARLES

; COPAT, LUANNA L.P.

; SILVA, THIAGO R. DA

; CHAVES, NATÁLIA R.B.

; FREITAS, HENRIQUE B. DE

; MACIE, VIOLETA A.

; ROSA, MAURÍCIO S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Nº 4 elocation e20191374

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effects of a diet formulated with industrial amino acids and a commercial vitamin-mineral mixture on the characteristics of carcass and meat cuts of slow-growing broilers slaughtered at different ages. The experiment involved 600 one-day-old male and female white Naked Neck chicks. The chicks were allotted randomly to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of two diets and three slaughter ages, in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates of 20 birds each. The experimental period was 84 days. Six chicks were selected and slaughtered on the first day, and then at 56, 70 and 84 days of age 10 birds unit was selected and slaughtered per experimental period. Weight and yield of carcass, abdominal fat and breast, thigh and drumstick meat were determined. Additionally, moisture, protein, fat and mineral matter contents and protein and fat deposition in the breast, drumstick and thigh muscles were determined. The diet did not influence the yields of carcass, abdominal fat, or meat cuts or the nutritional composition of meat. Slaughter age influenced the yields of breast and thigh meat and abdominal fat; the protein content of breast meat; and the moisture, crude protein, fat, and mineral matter contents of drumstick and thigh meat. There was an interaction effect between diet and slaughter age for protein deposition in breast meat. The age factor influenced fat deposition in the drumstick muscles. Protein deposition in the thigh muscles was influenced by the diet. Moreover, a difference was observed between the ages for protein and fat deposition in the thigh muscle. In conclusion, the use of a commercial mixture in the diet results in decreased protein deposition in the breast and thigh muscles, although this difference does not affect the characteristics of carcass or meat cuts. Birds slaughtered at 70 days exhibit similar carcass characteristics to those of birds slaughtered at 84 days, indicating the possibility of an earlier slaughter age.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191374

Produção e efeito da germinação em sementes de jaca: caracterização química, física e físico-química
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Silva, Luís P. F. R. da

; Queiroz, Alexandre J. M.

; Figueirêdo, Rossana M. F.

; Campos, Ana Regina N.

; Matos, Joana D. P. de

; Moraes, Maria Suiane de

; Silva, Semirames do N.

; Gonçalves, Mailson G.

; Mascarenhas, Nágela M. H.

; Medeiros Neto, Moises S. de

; Rodrigues, Larissa M. S.

; Vieira, Agdylannah F.

; Costa, Zanelli R. T.

; Moura, Rodrigo L.

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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Jun 2022, Volume 45 Nº 1-2 Páginas 51 - 60

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Jackfruit is an exotic fruit present in the Northeast region of Brazil, presenting a great economic potential for the region because of the internal and external commercialization of its fruit. Its seed is rich in carbohydrates, protein, minerals and vitamins, and is an alternative source of starch and for food. Germination is an easily accessible, inexpensive technology for the production of sprouts, improving the bioavailability of nutrients in the seed for consumption, such as proteins and bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical, physical and physicochemical parameters of fresh and germinated jackfruit seeds. The germination of jackfruit seeds increased the contents of water, proteins, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and total sugars, in addition to reducing the content of starch, lipids, tannins and the parameters of color, luminosity, red (+ a*) and yellow (+b*) intensities. In relation to the physical properties of the seed, there was an increase in the real specific mass and in the unit mass. For apparent specific mass there was a reduction. Seed germination provided an increase in the levels of magnesium, iron and sodium, consequently reducing potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, copper and manganese.

Resumo A jaca é um fruto exótico presente na região Nordeste do Brasil, apresentando um grande potencial econômico para região em face da comercialização interna e externa do seu fruto. Sua semente é rica em carboidratos, proteína, minerais e vitaminas, constituindo fonte alternativa de amido para alimentação. A germinação é uma tecnologia barata de fácil acesso para produção de brotos, melhorando a biodisponibilidade de nutrientes na semente para o consumo, a exemplo das proteínas e compostos bioativos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros químicos, físicos e físico-químicos das sementes de jaca in natura e germinadas. A germinação das sementes de jaca proporcionou o aumento nos teores de água, proteínas, ácido ascórbico, compostos fenólicos e açúcares totais, além de reduzir os conteúdo de amido, lipídios, taninos e os parâmetros de cor, a luminosidade, intensidade de vermelho (+a*) e de amarelo (+b*). Em relação às propriedades físicas da semente, ocorreu acréscimo na massa específica real e na massa unitária. Para massa específica aparente houve redução. A germinação das sementes proporcionou aumento nos teores de magnésio, ferro e sódio, consequentemente ocorrendo redução de potássio, fósforo, cálcio, zinco, cobre e manganês.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.25988

Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities
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Rodrigues, Francisco Alessandro M.

; Giffony, Priscylla S.

; Santos, Sarah B. F. dos

; Guedes, Jhonyson A. C.

; Ribeiro, Maria Elenir N. P.

; Araújo, Tamara G. de

; Silva, Larissa M. R. da

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

; Ricardo, Nágila M. P. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Out 2021, Volume 32 Nº 10 Páginas 1918 - 1930

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC-QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 µg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210082 46 downloads

USE OF RESIDUES FROM THE CELLULOSE INDUSTRY AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN PARTICLEBOARDS
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da Silva, Sérgio A. M.

; Minillo, Larissa Q.

; Aquino, Vinícius B. de M.

; Lahr, Francisco A. R.

; Christoforo, André L.

Engenharia Agrícola

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Fev 2021, Volume 41 Nº 1 Páginas 107 - 111

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The use of alternative materials such as lignocellulosic residues in the production of particleboards has increased considering that these residues are produced in large volumes and often do not have an appropriate destination. This research studied the use of residues from cellulose industries, sugarcane bagasse, and castor oil-based polyurethane resin in the production of wooden panels and evaluated the influence of using these residues on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. The products were manufactured according to the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14810 and the requirements of the panels were evaluated based on national and international standards. All treatments partially met the regulatory requirements. The addition of bagasse led to an improvement in physical and mechanical properties, with treatment 2 (50% wood residue and 50% bagasse) presenting the best performance, which indicates the possibility of using panels with residues with non-structural purpose in environments to improve the thermoacoustic performance of rural buildings. The statistical analysis indicated that the percentage of bagasse was significant, improving the evaluated properties.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v41n1p107-111/2021 316 downloads

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations: an instrument to observe the 21cm hydrogen line in the redshift range 0.13 < z < 0.45 – status update
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WUENSCHE, CARLOS A.

; ABDALLA, ELCIO

; ABDALLA, FILIPE

; BAROSI, LUCIANO

; WANG, BIN

; AN, RUI

; BARRETOS, JOÃO A. M.

; BATTYE, RICHARD

; BRITO, FRANCISCO A.

; BROWNE, IAN

; CORREIA, DANIEL

; COSTA, ANDRÉ A.

; DELABROUILLE, JACQUES

; DICKINSON, CLIVE

; FENG, CHANG

; FERREIRA, ELISA G. M.

; FORNAZIER, KARIN

; DE GASPERIS, GIANCARLO

; GUTIERREZ, PRISCILA

; HARPER, STUART

; LANDIM, RICARDO G.

; LICCARDO, VINCENZO

; MA, YIN-ZHE

; MACHADO, TELMO

; MAFFEI, BRUNO

; MARINS, ALESSANDRO

; MENDES, MILENA M. M.

; MERICIA, EDUARDO

; MONSTEIN, CHRISTIAN

; MOTTA, PABLO

; NOVAES, CAMILA

; OTOBONE, CARLOS H.

; PEEL, MICHAEL

; QUEIROZ, AMILCAR R.

; RADCLIFFE, CHRISTOPHER

; REMAZEILLES, MATHIEU

; RIBEIRO, RAFAEL M. G.

; SANG, YU

; SANTOS, JULIANA F. R.

; SANTOS, LARISSA

; SANTOS, MARCELO. V.

; SHAN, CHENXI

; SILVA, GUSTAVO B.

; VIEIRA, FREDERICO

; VIEIRA, JORDANY

; VILLELA, THYRSO

; XIAO, LINFENG

; YANG, WEIQIANG

; ZHANG, JIAJUN

; ZHANG, XUE

; ZHU, ZENGHAO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20201096

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract BINGO (BAO from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a unique radio telescope designed to map the intensity of neutral hydrogen distribution at cosmological distances, making the first detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the frequency band 980 MHz - 1260 MHz, corresponding to a redshift range 0.127 < z < 0.449. BAO is one of the most powerful probes of cosmological parameters and BINGO was designed to detect the BAO signal to a level that makes it possible to put new constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The telescope will be built in Paraíba, Brazil and consists of two \thicksim 40m mirrors, a feedhorn array of 50 horns, and no moving parts, working as a drift-scan instrument. It will cover a 15 ^{\circ} ∘ declination strip centered at \sim \delta ∼ δ =-15 ^{\circ} ∘, mapping \sim ∼ 5400 square degrees in the sky. The BINGO consortium is led by University of São Paulo with co-leadership at National Institute for Space Research and Campina Grande Federal University (Brazil). Telescope subsystems have already been fabricated and tested, and the dish and structure fabrication are expected to start in late 2020, as well as the road and terrain preparation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201096 413 downloads

10.

Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and tannins from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves through an experimental design coupled to a desirability approach
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SILVA, CAIO C.A.R.

; GOMES, CAMILA L.

; DANDA, LUCAS J.A.

; ROBERTO, ANA EMÍLIA M.

; CARVALHO, ANA MARIA R. DE

; XIMENES, EULÁLIA C.P.A.

; SILVA, ROSALI M.F. DA

; ANGELOS, MATHEUS A.

; ROLIM, LARISSA A.

; ROLIM NETO, PEDRO J.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 Nº 2 elocation e20190632

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study consisted in optimizing the extractive method of polyphenols and total tannins of leaves of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels assisted by microwaves to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of the dried extract of S. cumini against sensitive and resistant strains. A Box-Behnken design that consisted of 27 experimental runs coupled with a desirability function for multiple response optimization was employed to optimize the total polyphenols content and total tannins content. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were evaluated by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration in 96-well petri dishes. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 8 min of extraction, under 300 w of microwave power, using a 1:34 g/mL solid/solvent ratio and 38% of ethanol concentration as extraction solvent. The parameter with the greatest influence in the extraction was primarily the time, followed by the potency and proportion solid/solvent. This yielded a total polyphenol content of 87.37 ± 1.85 mg TAE g-1ext and a total tannin content of 79.68 ± 1.64 mg TAE g-1 ext. All tested microorganisms were sensitive to the extract, evidencing the effectiveness of the extraction method optimization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120190632 117 downloads

11.

Profiling the Cymbopogon nardus Ethanol Extract and Its Antifungal Potential against Candida Species with Different Patterns of Resistance
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Toledo, Luciani G. de

; Ramos, Matheus A. S.

; Spósito, Larissa

; Castilho, Elza M.

; Pavan, Fernando R.

; Lopes, Érica O.

; Silva, Isabel C. da

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

; Ribeiro, Paulo R. V.

; Oda, Fernando B.

; Pereira, Juhan A. S.

; Santos, André G. dos

; Bauab, Taís M.

; Almeida, Margarete T. G. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Set 2020, Volume 31 Nº 9 Páginas 1926 - 1938

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, has been extensively studied. However, the chemical and biological properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. nardus have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the EE of C. nardus and its active fraction (FrD). Moreover, the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of these extracts against Candida species with different resistance profiles to conventional drugs were evaluated. The compounds identified in EE were mono-C- and di-C-glycosyl flavones and phenylpropanoid glycosides. Phenylpropanoid glycosides were identified in FrD. EE showed antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62. 5 to 500 µg mL-1. FrD was more effective against C. glabrata, as evidenced by the lowest MIC value (15. 6 µg mL-1). EE inhibited yeast growth similar to amphotericin-B, as demonstrated by similar time-kill curves. EE inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation and mature biofilm of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. The results of the chemical and biological analyses of EE and its fractions provided novel information and may contribute to control of infections caused by Candida species.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200093 454 downloads

12.

Evaluation of Brazilian Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils Using Digital Images and Independent Component Analysis
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Gonçalves, Thays R.

; Rosa, Larissa N.

; Março, Paulo H.

; Silva, Luiz F. O. da

; Gomes, Sandra T. M.

; Matsushita, Makoto

; Valderrama, Patrícia

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Set 2020, Volume 31 Nº 9 Páginas 1955 - 1963

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Digital images associated with chemometric tools, in a non-destructive approach, have been applied for the evaluation of the Brazilian monovarietal extra virgin olive oil. Independent component analysis (ICA) was employed in the image data evaluation of olive oils produced from distinctive olive varieties, and it was successful in highlighting the natural grouping among the samples based on the color histograms (red, green and blue (RGB) channels). The study’s proposal indicates the ability of accurate separation of the twenty-four samples considering their color. To conclude and support the hypothesis, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in the visible spectra of the Brazilian monovarietal extra virgin olive oil, to observe the similarities between the samples, and the results are in agreement with those obtained by image analysis coupled with ICA. This method demonstrates the possibility for the characterization of olive oils respecting the principles of Green Chemistry.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200083 308 downloads

13.

Hemoplasma infection in wild captive carnivores
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Carneiro, Filipe T.

; Scalon, Marcela C.

; Amorim, Gabrielle

; Silva, Wanessa A.C.

; Honorato, Sandy M.

; Pereira, Fernanda M.A.M.

; Silva, Luisa H.R.

; Aquino, Larissa C.

; Paludo, Giane R.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Abr 2020, Volume 40 Nº 4 Páginas 293 - 299

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Hemoplasmas são bactérias capazes de aderir frouxamente à membrana plasmática de eritrócitos e que podem parasitar diversas espécies de mamíferos. São conhecidas três espécies de hemoplasmas que parasitam felídeos domésticos e selvagens: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. Cães são infectados por ao menos duas espécies de hemoplasmas: Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum’ and Mycoplasma haemocanis. As hemoplasmoses são de grande importância na clínica veterinária, tanto pela sua distribuição ubíqua e severidade dos sinais clínicos, a depender da espécie do parasita e imunocompetência do hospedeiro, quanto pelo seu potencial zoonótico e capacidade de infectar espécies ameaçadas. Este estudo visa investigar quais espécies de hemoplasmas parasitam diferentes carnívoros selvagens de cativeiro, a fim de esclarecer a epidemiologia das hemoplasmoses em animais selvagens. Além disso, o trabalho objetivou caracterizar as alterações hematológicas causadas pela infecção por diferentes espécies de micoplasmas hemotrópicos visando estabelecer sua importância clínica para espécies selvagens e a capacidade destas espécies de se tornar reservatórios dos agentes estudados. Amostras de 33 felídeos selvagens e de 18 canídeos selvagens foram investigadas por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP) para detectar o DNA dos agentes e foi observado que a ocorrência da infecção por hemoplasmas nestas espécies é de 45,5% e 83,3%, respectivamente. Fatores como idade, sexo ou anemia não são mais frequentes em animais positivos para a infecção. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a infecção causada por hemoplasmas em carnívoros selvagens possui alta prevalência, no entanto ou a patogenicidade dos agentes é baixa ou o estágio crônico da infecção é mais frequente, resultando em uma baixa frequência diagnóstica.

ABSTRACT: Hemoplasmas are bacteria able to adhere themselves loosely to the plasma membrane of erythrocytes and may parasitize several species of mammals. There are three known species of hemoplasmas that parasitize domestic and wild cats: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. Dogs are infected by at least two species of hemoplasmas: ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum’ and Mycoplasma haemocanis. The hemoplasmoses are very important in veterinary clinics, either because of its worldwide distribution and severity of clinical signs, depending on parasite species and host immune competence, or due to its zoonotic potential and capability of infecting endangered species. This study set out to investigate which hemoplasmas species parasitize different captive wild carnivores in order to clarify the epidemiology of hemoplasmoses in wild animals. Furthermore, the research intended to characterize the hematological changes caused by different species of hemotropic mycoplasmas infection in order to establish their clinical importance to wild species and the capacity of these species to become a reservoir of studied agents. Samples of 33 wild felids and 18 wild canids were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect hemoplasmas DNA and it was observed that the occurrence of infection in these species is 45.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Factors such as age, gender or anaemia are not more frequent in animals positive for the infection. Therefore, it is concluded that infection caused by hemoplasmas in wild carnivores has high prevalence, and either agent pathogenicity is low, or chronic stage is more frequent, resulting in a low rate of diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6407 811 downloads

14.

Evaluation of the stomach contents of Eriphia gonagra from a rocky shore in the southeastern Brazilian coast
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Rodrigues, Larissa R.

; Góes, João M. de

; Silva, Thiago E. da

; Teixeira, Gustavo M.

; Andrade, Luciana S. de

; Fransozo, Adilson

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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2020, Volume 110 elocation e2020013

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O costão rochoso de Praia Grande (Ubatuba, SP) é formado por matacões rochosos e recifes de areia formados por poliquetas sabelarídeos. Essas estruturas oferecem abrigo e área de forrageamento para diversos organismos marinhos, e atraem muitos turistas. O caranguejo Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) habita essas estruturas, podendo ser utilizado como bioindicador, uma vez que estas podem ser afetadas por ações antrópicas. Por meio deste estudo avaliou-se o conteúdo estomacal e caracterizou-se os hábitos alimentares de uma população de E. gonagra, levando em consideração o sexo, tamanho e microhabitat. Amostragens mensais foram realizadas em 1996 e 1997 e os caranguejos foram capturados manualmente na Praia Grande. Assim, os espécimes amostrados foram caracterizados de acordo com o local de captura (microhabitat) como recife rochoso (RO) ou de areia (SR). Os itens mais abundantes foram moluscos, algas, poliquetos e crustáceos, sendo observada a importância destes grupos como recurso alimentar no ambiente estudado. Os moluscos foram mais abundantes nos estômagos dos caranguejos amostrados no RO, enquanto os demais item aumentavam nos caranguejos dos recifes de areia. Dentre os espécimes amostrados no SR, poliquetos foi o alimento foi mais comum, indicando que esse biótopo também é utilizado como fonte rica em proteínas. A proporção de itens diferiu também entre classes de tamanho. Conhecer tais hábitos é essencial para estudos de requisitos nutricionais, monitoramento de relações entre organismos, bem como para avaliação de impactos ecossistêmicos em costões rochosos.

ABSTRACT The rocky shores of Praia Grande, in Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brazil), are formed by rock and Sabellaridae polychaete sandy reefs. These microenvironments offer shelters and foraging areas for several marine organisms and attracts many tourists. The crab Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) inhabits these structures and can be used as a bioindicator, since they may be affected by anthropogenic actions. This study evaluated the stomach contents and characterized the feeding habits of an E. gonagra population, inhabiting the rocky shores from Praia Grande, taking into account the sex, size, and microhabitat. Monthly samplings were performed in 1996 and 1997 and the crabs were manually captured on the rocky surface or into of the sand reefs. So, the specimens sampled were characterized according to their capture site (microhabitat) as rocky (RO) or sand reef (SR). The most abundant food items were Mollusca, algae, Polychaeta, and Crustacea, being observed the importance of these groups as a nutritive resource in the studied environment. Mollusks were more abundant in the stomachs of crabs sampled on the rocks, while the other items increased in the sand reefs crabs. In the specimens sampled in the SR, polychaetes were the item food more common, indicating that this biotope is also used as a rich source of protein. The proportion of items differed also between size classes. Knowledge of such habits is essential for nutritional requirements studies, monitoring relationships among organisms, as well as assessing future environmental impacts in consolidated coastal regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2020013 986 downloads

15.

Phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments and their effects on serum biochemistry, morphometry and intestinal health of broilers
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CHAVES, NATÁLIA R.B.

; NASCIMENTO, KARINA M.R.S.

; KIEFER, CHARLES

; ROSA, MAURÍCIO S.

; FEITAS, HENRIQUE B.

; PAIVA, LUANNA L.

; SILVA, THIAGO R.

; SILVA, LARISSA A.R.

; MACIE, VIOLETA A.

; LEAL, CÁSSIA R.B.

; SOUZA, ALDA I.

; ZANOELO, FABIANA F.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 elocation e20190278

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract To examine the association between phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments on intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry and microbiology of broilers, 250 broilers were evaluated in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. The following treatments were tested: positive control diet - without phytase or xylanase; negative control diet - with an energy reduction of 100 kcal/kg, without phytase or xylanase; and three diets containing xylanase and phytase and energy reductions of 50, 100 and 150 Kcal/kg. For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with phosphorus (0.15%), calcium (0.165%) and sodium (0.035%) was considered. An effect of the association between enzyme inclusion and metabolizable energy reduction in the diets was observed only by contrast analysis, for villus height. Intestinal health was not changed. Only the serum phosphorus concentration was altered by the treatments at the different evaluated ages. The association of phytase (500 FTU/kg) with xylanase (16000 BXU/kg) in diets with reductions of up to 150 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.15% digestible P, 0.165% Ca and 0.035% Na does not alter the intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry or microbiology of broilers.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190278 666 downloads

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